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The Linux Newbie Guide

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Fundamentals

Advanced

Beyond the Basics

Command Index

ENG⇒中

  

 Account Management

1.0 Account Management
       Understanding account-related configuration files
           /etc/passwd
           /etc/shadow
       passwd : Changing passwords
       useradd : Adding an account
       useradel : Deleting an account
       vipw : Modifying /etc/passwd
       usermod : Modifying an account
1.1 Personal Account Modification
        chfn : Change finger command display information
        chsh : Change login shell
        finge r: Querying an account
1.2 Other Account-related Commands
       id : Displaying account ID
       who/w : Displaying logged-in user information
       lastlog : Account login query

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 Group Management

1.0 Group Management
           /etc/group
           /etc/gshadow
       groupadd : Create a new group
       vigr : Edit /etc/group
       groups : List the groups a user belongs to
       newgrp : Switch to a different group
       gpasswd : Set group password and manage members
       groupmod : Modify a group
       groupdel : Delete a group
1.1 Collaborative Group Work
       chgrp : Change the group ownership of a file
       chown : Change File Ownership

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 sudo

1.0 sudo : Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
       visudo : Modify /etc/sudoers
       /etc/sudoers : Configuration File
           Alias : Alias Settings
           TAG : Tag Settings
       sudo : Examples of Usage

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Regular Expressions

1.0 Introduction to Regular Expressions
1.1 Basic Regular Expressions (RE/BRE)
        Bracket Expressions (POSIX bracket notation)
        POSIX Characters
        . : Match any single character
        * : Characters before matching are repeated from zero to infinite
        ^ : Match the string at the start position
        $ : Match the string at the end position
        & : Remember the matched string
        {a, b} : Match the character before the repetition
        ( ) : Set the string before the match
        < > : Match the single word
        ( )\1 : Backward reference memory match
        | : Or match
1.2 Extended Regular Expressions (ERE)
        | : Or match
        + : Match the previous one to infinite repeated characters
        ? : Match the previous zero to one repeated characters

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 Linux Filtering Programs

Filter Introduction
        grepgrep Search for a string in a file
           egrep
           frgep
        cut : Extract fields
        col : Filter control characters
        tr : Character translation
        sort : Sort lines
        uniq : Remove adjacent duplicate lines

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 sed

1.0 Introduction to sed
1.1 File String Modification with sed
        Basic Usage of sed
        Advanced Usage of sed
            delimiter
            ADDRESS Range
            OPTION
            FLAG
            Flow Control
            COMMAND

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 awk

Processing text-based data with awk
        Basic usage of awk
        Awk program patterns
            User-defined variables
            Built-in variables
            BEGIN and END blocks
            Output functions print and printf
            Associative arrays
            Executing system commands using system
            Closing files/pipelines using close
            Reading input data using getline
            Mathematical functions
            String functions
            User-defined functions(UDFs)

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Disk Proficiency in Linux

1.0 Hard Disk and File System Directory Structure in Linux
       Linux Filesystem
           ext2 File Systemext2 File System
           ext3/ext4 File System
       Unix Directory Structure
       Hard Disks and Device Files in Linux
1.1 Displaying Hard Disk Information
       df : Display disk usage
       du : Display directory usage
       blkid : Display disk information
1.2 Disk Partitioning
       Traditional MBR Disk Partitioning
           Primary Partition
           Extended Partition
                Logical Partition
           Using fdisk to partition disks
       Modern GPT Disk Partitioning
           Using parted to partition disks
       partprobe : Reload Partition Table
1.3 Formatting File Systems
       mkfs : Format the filesystem
       tune2fs : Adjust ext filesystem settings
       e2label : Set the label of a filesystem
       fsck : Check and attempt to repair the filesystem
1.4 Mounting Filesystems
       Basic usage of mount
         /etc/mtab : File containing the currently mounted filesystems
       Mounting by Label
       Mounting by UUID/PARTUUID
       Mounting USB Flash Drives
       Mounting a CD-ROM
       Configuring Automatic Mounting at Boot using /etc/fstab
       umount : Unmounting filesystems
       Mounting Virtual Device

   

 LVM Logical Volumes

1.0 LVM Logical Volumes
        LVM Principles
        pvcreate : Creating Physical Volumes
        vgcreate : Creating Volume Groups
        lvcreate : Creating Logical Volumes
           Linear Volume Mode
           Stripe Volume Mode
           Mirror Volume Mode
           Snapshot Volume Mode
        LVM Migration/Backup

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 RAID

1.0 RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disksy
            Hardware-RAID
            Software RAID
            Semi-Hardware-RAID
        Choosing RAID Hard Drives
        RAID Levels
           RAID 0 (stripe)
           RAID 1 (mirror)
               RAID Downgrading
               Spare Disk, Reserve Drive
           RAID 5
               Unrecoverable Errors in RAID 5
           RAID 6
           Hybrid RAID
1.1 Linux Software RAID
       mdadm : Creating/Managing Software RAID
           Create Mode, Establishing Software RAID
                Editing RAID Configuration File /etc/mdadm.conf
                Monitoring Soft RAID in /proc/mdstat
          Manage Mode, Managing Software RAID
          Assemble Mode, Restarting Previously Created RAID
          Monitor Mode, Monitoring Software RAID
          Grow Mode, Changing RAID Size
          Miscellaneous Mode
          Generic Mode
       Creating Hybrid RAID Using mdadm

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 Process

1.0 Introduction to Processes & Jobs
1.1 job
        job control
        Foreground Program
        Terminating a Program <CTRL+C>
        Pausing a Program <CTRL+Z>
        Background Execution with &
        jobs : Display Background Jobs
            Managing Jobs
        bg : Resuming Suspended Jobs in the Background
        fg : Bringing Jobs to the Foreground
        kill : Terminate Process
            killall : Massacre Processes
1.2 process
        PID (Process ID)
        Parent Process and PPID
        Child Processes
            pstree : Display Process Relationship Tree
        Process Group & PGID
            Process Group Leader
        Session and SID
            session leader
        init : Ancestral Process
        Zombie Processes
        fork and exec
            exec
        Daemon
1.3 Process Monitoring
        ps : Display Process Status
        top : Process and Performance Monitoring
        nice : Adjust Process Priority
            renice
1.4 Named Pipe (FIFO)
         mkfifo
1.5 Process Substitution

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Advanced Format Hard Drive

1.0 Advanced Format Hard Drive
       512e Emulation of Traditional Format Hard Drive
       4Kn Native 4K Sector Hard Drive
       Partition Alignment for Advanced Format Hard Drive
       Identifying Advanced Format Hard Drive
1.1 Partitioning Advanced Format Hard Drive
           Automatic Alignment Partitioning with parted
           Manual Alignment Partitioning with parted
           Partitioning with Windows

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File descriptor

1.0 Introduction to File Descriptors
       File descriptors (fd) and redirection
       Directory "/proc/<PID>/fd" and file descriptors
1.1 exec and fd Redirection
           exec X>FILE : Redirect fd X to a file
           exec X>&Y : Redirect fd X to fd Y
           exec X<FILE : Redirect a file to fd X
           exec X<&Y : Redirect fd Y to fd X
           exec fd X<>FILE : Redirect file to fd X for both reading and writing
           X>&- or X<&- : Close fd X
1.2 Who Stole stdin?

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Virtual block device

1.0 Virtual Block Device
        dd : Physical to virtual conversion
        losetup : Virtual to physical conversion
           kpartx : Mapping partitions in disk images to loop devices
1.1 Swap : Auxiliary Memory
       swap-partition
           swapon : Enabling swap
           swapoff : Disabling swap
       swap-file : Using a file for swap
           mkswap : Formatting swap
       swappiness : Adjusting the aggressiveness of swap usage

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 Managing User and Group Quotas in Linux

1.0 File Capacity Quotas
        quotacheck : Create Quota Database
        edquota : Edit Quotas
           quota : Display User/Group Quotas
           repquota : Summarize File System Quota
        quotaon : Enable Quotas
           quotaoff : Disable Quotas

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